Abstract
With the rise of the alt-right, especially in virtual spaces, seemingly contradictory identities have become visible. For instance, many gay men appeal to the alt-right despite the homophobic traditions of the movement. This paper conducts a virtual ethnographic review of several spaces frequented by the alt-right, such as Reddit and 4chan. Based on an analysis of relevant digital content, I suggest that the alt-right has begun to shift its definition of masculinity towards a particular focus on homosocial bonding and hypermasculinity. Gay men who feel alienated from queer communities that don’t emphasize alt-right masculinity engage in these new aspects of the alt-right in an attempt to join. By utilizing homosocial bonding and hypermasculinity, they reconcile their homosexuality and their masculinity, demonstrating the latter in the interest of alt-right acceptance. Doing so indicates that the alt-right has begun to endorse the view that masculinity is demonstrated rather than innate.
References
Anderson, E. (2009). Inclusive Masculinity: The Changing Nature of Masculinities. Routledge.
Anonymous. (2014, August 16). You’re the reason why fags are associated with diseases [Comment on the online forum post What’s /pol/’s opinion on....]. 4chan. https://archive.4plebs.org/pol/thread/34072651/#34074339
at1iOQjL. (2024, July 22). This fag’s entire schtick is gesturing at images of half-naked hunks and lisping [Comment on the online forum post Why do gentiles coalesce around stinky Jews like BAP?]. 4chan. https://archive.4plebs.org/pol/thread/475259594/#475261466
Baldwin, J., & Goldstein, R. (2014). Go The Way Your Blood Beats: An Interview with James Baldwin. In James Baldwin: The Last Interview: And other Conversations. Melville House.
Bartky, S. (1979). On Psychological Oppression. In Philosophy and Women (pp. 33–41). Wadsworth Publishing Company.
Beirich, H., & Hicks, K. (2009). White Nationalism in America. In B. Perry (Ed.), Hate Crimes: Understanding and Defining Hate Crime (Vol. 1). Praeger Publishers.
Buchanan, B. (2022). Gay neo-nazis in the united states. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 28(4), 489–513. https://doi.org/10.1215/10642684-9991299
Byman, D. (2022, May 16). The global roots of the buffalo shooting. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/05/16/buffalo-mass-shooting-white-supremacist-terrorism-great-replacement-theory/
Chaouat, B. (2019, August 26). The Gay French Poet Behind the Alt-Right’s Favorite Catch Phrase. Tablet Mag. https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/renaud-camus-great-replacement
cIi8E57Q. (2020, November 10). This is funny coming from wignats whose whole milieu is filled with homosexuals [Comment on the online forum post Trouble in paradise?]. 4chan. https://archive.4plebs.org/pol/thread/289549471/#289576380
Connell, R. W., & Messerschmidt, J. W. (2005). Hegemonic masculinity: Rethinking the concept. Gender & Society, 19(6), 829–859. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243205278639
Copsey, N. (2008). Contemporary british fascism: The british national party and the quest for legitimacy (2nd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
Daigle, C. [@ConnorDaigleTX] (2023, December 9). Okay and? What does that have to do with Scott? [Post]. X. https://x.com/ConnorDaigleTX/status/1733705460673302797
Donovan, J. (2012a). Androphilia: A manifesto rejecting the gay identity, reclaiming masculinity (3rd ed., new expanded ed.). Dissonant Hum.
Donovan, J. (2012b). The way of men. DH, Dissonant Hum.
Donovan, J. (2016). Becoming a barbarian (First paperback edition). DH, Dissonant Hum.
Egan, P. J. (2008). Explaining the distinctiveness of lesbians, gays, and bisexuals in american politics. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1006223
Eguchi, S. (2009). Negotiating hegemonic masculinity: The rhetorical strategy of “straight-acting” among gay men. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 38(3), 193–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/17475759.2009.508892
Frasure-Yokley, L. (2018). Choosing the velvet glove: Women voters, ambivalent sexism, and vote choice in 2016. The Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics, 3(1), 3–25. https://doi.org/10.1017/rep.2017.35
Fun-Pool6364. (2024, August 18). Misogyny because I said the idea that men are inherently bad or evil is“woke” [Comment on the online forum post Can a gay guy be redpilled?]. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/askgaybros/comments/1ev2kt3/can_a_gay_guy_be_redpilled/
Goldstein, R. (2003). Homocons: The rise of the gay right. Verso Books.
Greene, V. S. (2019). “Deplorable” satire: Alt-right memes, white genocide tweets, and redpilling normies. Studies in American Humor, 5(1), 31–69. https://doi.org/10.5325/studamerhumor.5.1.0031
Haslop, C., Ringrose, J., Cambazoglu, I., & Milne, B. (2024). Mainstreaming the manosphere’s misogyny through affective homosocial currencies: Exploring how teen boys navigate the andrew tate effect. Social Media + Society, 10(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051241228811
Hawley, G. (2017). Making sense of the alt-right. Columbia University Press.
Hayes, B. C., & Nagle, J. (2016). Ethnonationalism and attitudes towards gay and lesbian rights in Northern Ireland. Nations and Nationalism, 22(1), 20–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12146
Herek, G. M., Kimmel, D. C., Amaro, H., & Melton, G. B. (1991). Avoiding heterosexist bias in psychological research. American Psychologist, 46(9), 957–963.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 Andrew Cotton